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TIME: Almanac of the 20th Century
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TIME, Almanac of the 20th Century.ISO
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1990
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90
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oct_dec
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1108003.000
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<text>
<title>
(Nov. 08, 1990) Africa:A Ritual Of Danger
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
Nov. 08, 1990 Special Issue - Women:The Road Ahead
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 39
World Trouble Spots
Africa: A Ritual Of Danger
</hdr>
<body>
<p> When I was a girl of ten, I was told to be brave and not to
cry, that I'd be a big girl after the ordeal. But when I saw the
half-blind old woman with her razor, I bolted. My mother and
aunts held me down and spread open my legs. Suddenly, I felt
excruciating pain. She sliced off my clitoris and now it lay in
her gnarled hands. She then sliced my inner lips until there was
nothing left. There was blood everywhere, but by now I felt no
more pain, not even when she stuck a thorn from the acacia tree
into me to keep the wound closed."
</p>
<p> The Somalian woman who gave this account was describing a
rite undergone by more than 80 million African women. Female
circumcision--the mutilation of the external genital organs--is a centuries-old rite of passage, intended to ensure that
young women become desirable wives. It frequently causes
life-threatening blood loss and infection. It can also lead to
painful intercourse, infertility and difficult childbirth. While
often erroneously linked to Islamic scripture, it is not
mandated by any religion and is practiced by people of many
faiths in some two dozen black African nations, Egypt and the
Sudan.
</p>
<p> There are three degrees of the procedure: sunna
(traditional), which involves cutting off the tip of the
clitoris; excision, the removal of the clitoris and the labia
minora; and infibulation, the removal of the clitoris, the labia
minora and labia majora. With infibulation, the pubic area is
stitched up after the genitals are removed, leaving only a
single small opening for urination and menstruation.
</p>
<p> Midwives, village healers and elderly female relatives
perform the ritual without anesthesia, using unsterilized razor
blades. Parents look upon it favorably, on the grounds that
removing the clitoris purifies their daughters and deadens their
interest in sexual pleasure. Ironically, the frigidity or
infertility caused by the mutilation leads many husbands to shun
their brides.
</p>
<p> Doctors throughout Africa recognize the harmful effects of
female circumcision but feel powerless to stop a practice so
entrenched in custom and tradition. Many organizations are
campaigning against it, and the new African Charter on the
Rights of Children includes items condemning circumcision.
Governments in Sudan and elsewhere have passed laws against it,
but they are seldom enforced.
</p>
<p> It will take education, not just laws, to halt what
Africans view as a symbol of their culture. Asks Birhane
Ras-Work, president of the Inter-African Committee on
Traditional Practices: "How do you eradicate a tradition that is
more powerful than a legal system?"
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>